ISITE-Industry joint projects

In this project, we will investigate a new smart system made from a hardware component and a software approach that will enable the creation of the basic blocks of programmable matter, a matter made from centimeter-size modules attached together and able to move. The hardware component is a quasi-spherical robot using computationally controlled forces for power distribution, communication, adhesion (latching), and locomotion. The software approach aims to provide a new way of programming such a complex system through a scalable, real-time, efficient, expressive and at the same time safe programming of an ensemble of robots with an emphasis on self-configuration and self-reconfiguration distributed algorithms. The application will use the robots to sculpt a shape-memory polymer sheet.

Coordinator:
Julien BOURGEOIS
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• UFC
• uB
• ENSMM
• CNRS
• PSA Peugeot-Citroën
• Tech Power Electronics

This project is co-funded by the BFC Region

The BAKUP project focus on ultra-high precision blanking with particular emphasis on automotive parts made of high-strength, high-alloy steel. The. The experimental work will be carried out on a very highly precise servo-electric press. In order to determine the limits of these high-power industrial tools, it will be necessary to understand the influence of the cutting conditions (penetration law, sets, choice of displacement cycles, speed, acceleration-deceleration of the table, shape of the punch And mode of manufacture, etc.) and the parameters of cutting (nature of the sheets, punching materials and finishing method, lubricants and their mode of deposit, etc.). In order to determine the limits of these high potential industrial tool it will be necessary to understand the influence of the process conditions (penetration law, clearances, choice of forming cycles, speed, acceleration-deceleration of the table, punch shape and manufacturing, etc.) and the blanking parameters (nature of the sheets, punch materials and their production methods, lubricants). The quality of the parts produced by the cutting of high thickness sheets of high alloyed steel will be evaluated by the appearance of the blanked edge, the dimensions of the blanked area (perpendicularity – surface condition Ra Rz, stability of X-Y coordinates) and to a lesser extent the volume of the burrs. The service life between maintenance is another sensitive criterion that will be evaluated during the work. Among others the very new techniques which will be involved in the project will be femtosec laser texturing on tools, TLA (Thin layer activation) and tomography to monitor the tool’s lifetime.

Coordinator:
Xavier ROIZARD
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• ENSMM
• UFC
• CNRS
• SCODER

Nowadays, refrigeration represents 15% of electricity global consumption and over 23% of French domestic electricity consumption. Application areas are various, including buildings (air conditioning, heat pumping), food (refrigeration, freezing, deep freezing, freeze‐drying), biomedical (biological conservation), transportation (air conditioning vehicles, trucks and refrigerated ships), etc. Nowadays, refrigeration
is provided by technologies based on the thermodynamic principle using classical cycles of
compression and expansion of refrigerant fluids whose performance, toxicity and environmental impact
(greenhouse gases) are questioned. Researches on this subject have contributed to improve the system efficiency; however, these technologies seem to have reached their limits, especially for environmental considerations. The project aims to design and manufacture innovative micro-structured magnetocaloric composites for sustainable and environmentally friendly refrigeration machines and heat pumps.

Coordinator:
Thierry BARRIERE
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• UFC
• UTBM
• ENSMM
• CNRS
• DELFINGEN
• NEXTPAC

Internet of Things, connected cars, intelligent parking systems, secure timekeeping, connected cyberphysical systems and air traffic control systems: all increasingly rely on software for flexibility and service delivery.

But these complex connected systems face significant security and reliability challenges, and their increasing complexity means that detecting and correcting vulnerabilities in business logic requires highly skilled R&D techniques and people.

The SARCoS project aims to develop advanced cognitive and automated techniques and tools for testing security and robustness at the level of business logic, which will have a strong impact on how industry will reduce vulnerabilities in these complex and increasingly connected systems.

This project directly involves four industrial partners in four distinct application areas :
– Intelligent parking systems with Parkeon,
– Internet of Things with Easy Global Market,
– Air Traffic Management Systems with Smartesting
– Safe timing with Gorgy Timing.

Coordinator:
Bruno LEGEARD
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• USC
• PARKEON
• EGM
• Smartesting
• Gorgy Timing

General conclusion:
The SARCoS project established the following results:

• A generic architecture for data alteration on control systems to simulate FDIA attacks
• An instance of this architecture in the air traffic control domain through the FDI-T ATC tool at TRL 5 level and tested with the partner Smartesting Solutions & Services
• An instance of this architecture in the VTS domain at TRL 4 level
• An instance of this architecture in the IPS domain at a TRL 3 level based on data provided by the partner Flowbird
• Several communications in conferences dedicated to cybersecurity, including one oriented towards the industrial public during the FIC show in Lille in February 2020.

Efforts have been intensified both in terms of communication of the project results, and in terms of experimental validation, potentially including new industrial partners beyond the initial partners.

We can conclude that the work carried out and the results obtained within the framework of the SARCoS project constitute a decisive technological advance in view of the production and marketing of an offer for the two sectors initially targeted (aerial surveillance and parking systems), to which the field of maritime surveillance was added during the project.

The ANTARES project tends to contribute to the race towards 5th generation (5G) telecommunication applications, which will be highly beneficial for society by opening wide possibilities for internet-of-things, data transfer, extreme device density, smart transport/cities and communication systems, V2X applications, etc. The next generation of high –frequency (6-9 GHz) wide-band (>10%) RF filters or frequency-agile (tunability of central frequency > 10%) filters are urgently needed for the development of 5G infrastructures/networks/communications. This motivates further development of robust bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters, adapted to the high-frequency applications. The bottleneck of the present BAW filter technology is very limited electromechanical coupling (K²<7%) of available thin film materials. Alkaline niobates (LKN) were identified theoretically as the materials with highest available K² (up to 88 %) of BAW, but LKN thin films are still not available due to major issues in their synthesis. To achieve LKN films with targeted K²>20%, ANTARES proposes an innovative approach – the development of advanced architectures based on LKN in line with advanced methods such as chemical engineering, control of orientation through epitaxy, strain and domain engineering. These architectures may offer a new possibility to increase significantly K² and quality factor, to reduce acoustical losses, and to ameliorate stability at high power densities. To implement newly developed materials to BAW filters, multidisciplinary approach implying chemistry, material science, microtechnology, physics and acoustics will be applied. ANTARES will contribute to the fundamental understanding on physical properties of composite materials and consequently acoustical performance in order to enable advanced design of future materials.

Coordinator:
Ausrine BARTASYTE
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• UFC
• ENSMM
• Annealys
• Qualcomm
  

Odorless and colorless gas, CO is formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. High levels of CO can be encountered in traffic jams or when malfunction of a heater occurs. On a daily basis, we are exposed to numerous atmospheric pollutants emitted in particular by urban car traffic. In high traffic environments (ring roads, tunnels, city, etc.), pollutant concentrations that are dangerous for health are high. CO is responsible for 350 deaths per year in France (more 5000 hospitalizations).
The aim of CO2DECIN is to design mixed carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors based on the selective adsorption properties of these gases by active and porous molecular materials in view to develop new marketable sensors. CO detection is a crucial point for industry and domestic purposes but the current CO sensors are limited either by a low selectivity towards other gases or by a low sensibility.

The project consortium proposes to elaborate a new family of dual CO/CO2 sensors based on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology, known for their high sensitivity to surface phenomena associated with a specific molecular material functionalization (COF based on cobalt corroles or MOF based on triazacyclononanes).

The mass detection system developed by FEMTO-ST is based on the principle of quartz microbalance. Quantification is based on the slowing down of the propagation speed of the waves due to the mass deposited on the device’s surface. The use of Love waves can gain a factor of 10 in sensitivity compared to a conventional quartz microbalance. A reference element is subjected to the same conditions as the test body in order to subtract the background noise. This technology has already achieved a detection limit for CO below 80 ppb.

Strong complementarities between the academic and industrial teams in terms of research and development is an essential asset of this project.

Coordinator:
Virginie BLONDEAU-PATISSIER
FEMTO-ST – UMR 6174 (UFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM)

Collaborators:

• ICMUB – UMR 6302 (CNRS, uB)
• CNRS
• ENSMM
• uB
• UFC
• PSA-Peugeot
• Frec/n/sys

General conclusion:
The objective of this project was to develop a new family of mixed CO/CO2 sensors based on the surface elastic wave (SAW) technology known for its high sensitivity and selectivity when associated with a functionalization by a specific molecular material. Many parameters were evaluated during this project in order to assess the sensitivity, reliability and repeatability of SAW sensors. This study focused on the nature and the method of deposition of the silica guiding layer of the SAW sensor, the ageing of the layers, the influence of the size of the crystals and their rate of covering on the surface. The tests were also carried out in conditions close to real life in the presence of humidity, oxygen and interfering gases in order to evaluate the behavior of the sensors. At the end, this project allowed the realization of a device capable of selectively measuring CO and CO2 in a mixture. For this purpose, a first sensor mounted in differential and combining the properties of cobalt and copper corroles could be used for the measurement of CO and a second one coated with ZIF-8 is dedicated to the measurement of CO2.

The PAPIRUS project (Upwelling Technology and Injection of Stabilizing Agents for Assisted Pumping Using Tilted Recovery Wells), which is co-funded by the French Agency for Energy and Sustainable Development (Gesipol ADEME, funding 2019-2021), aims at optimizing the recovery of dense non-aqueous liquid phases and the removal of diffusive pollutant transfer from low transmissivity zones that impact groundwater quality of a sedimentary aquifer in Jura. This project deals with the set-up of innovative and sustainable remediation methods and monitoring technologies: it aims at overcoming current limits in terms of effectiveness, cost, feasibility and sustainability for the in situ regeneration of aquifers polluted by chlorinated contaminants, through the development of innovative technologies using viscous fluids, recovery and imaging devices.

Especially, it aims at:

• using the promoting properties of viscous fluids (foams and polymer solutions) to solve problems for the treatment of deep source zones with high spatial variations, through the enhanced sweeping and reagent delivery into targeted zones, and through the controlled recovery or the persistent destruction of contaminants,
• providing new non-invasive viewing tools for the monitoring of clean-up operations, using tomographic geophysical technologies,
• getting control on clean-up limiting phenomena and setting-up all these monitoring and treatment methods and technologies from the lab-scale to the field-scale,
• assessing the most promising technologies in actual conditions at the impacted site.

Coordinator:
Nicolas FATIN-ROUGE
UTINAM – UMR 6213 (CNRS, UFC)

Collaborators:

• Innovyn
• Serpol
• Intera

General conclusion:
These works have shown that despite the strong anisotropy of subsoils impacted by pure phases of chlorinated solvents, pollutant recovery as pure phases using aqueous fluids with high capillary number and the visual monitoring through time-lapse ERT provide strong improvements for in situ treatments. On the one hand, DNAPL recovery > 90% was obtained using various recovery strategies and all the dissolved contaminants degraded by reductive dehalogenation avoiding for vinyl chloride stabilisation. On the other hand, ERT using vertical lines of electrodes allow for a fast qualitative assessment of remedial operations.

The turbine disk is a critical part of modern aircraft engines. The continuously increase in engines sales and the always tighter quality specifications have led the rotor disks producer SAFRAN AICRAFT ENGINES to invest 20 M€ in its disks factory of Le Creusot in BFC. Similarly, SAFRAN launches an ambitious scientific project for the modeling of a complex machining operation: the broaching of the slots used for the blades attachment. Broaches are specially designed tools for a unique slot shape, they are very sensitive and can jeopardize the engine manufacturing because of:

• – A lack of knowledge on the process;
• – Expensive and time-consuming design;
• – Short tool life time (only 7 parts commonly) due to uncontrolled parameters;
• – New super-alloys with low machinability.

To keep its international competitiveness, SAFRAN needs models and methodology to design the novel and upcoming generations of broaches. The previous research works on the subject between SAFRAN and ENSAM Cluny has enabled to define an ambitious research project to keep the industrial breakthrough and competitiveness.
The control of the broaching operation will be obtained by the numerical modeling of the whole process. Firstly, it will be necessary to work on a single broach tooth to be able to model the local mechanical loading. To do so, the present project will develop an innovative in-situ methodology for the inverse determination of constitutive laws of materials subjected to thermomechanical loads under the cutting edge. This project associates the LaBoMaP for its recognized knowledge on difficult-to-cut materials and constitutive/damage laws identification involving for instance Ultra High Speed Camera combined with Digital Image Correlation and inverse modeling.
In a second phase, the influence of the tool wear on the surface integrity will be modelled as it is a critical parameter for the disks in service life expectancy. From the previous local analysis, a global modeling will be set up to design the whole broaching process with the precise definition of cutting angles and teeth progress.
This project aims to provide a demonstrator able to model the broaching operation and guidelines the design work of the future broaches.

Coordinator :
Gérard POULACHON
LABOMAP – EA 3633 (Arts et Métiers – ParisTech)

General conclusion:
Numerical simulation is an indispensable tool in understanding physical phenomena and improving metal cutting. Until now, these tools used approximate constitutive laws, since they were obtained from tests whose speeds and temperature variations were orders of magnitude lower than industrial practice. The challenge of the DISC thesis was to make the cutting test, an in-situ test of thermomechanical characterization of the material. This very upstream study was based on one of the cutting-edge experiments (coupled visible camera and high-speed infrared) and on the development of innovative algorithms and inverse methods. These constitutive laws have been implemented to allow the development of tools to help design cutting tools geometries in planing operations for advanced industrial applications (BOOST thesis). The scientific methodologies have been implemented on Inconel alloys. Their importance is highly strategic for the laboratory, which is currently launching a thesis on the generalization of the methodology and is investing in an ultra-fast experimental cutting bench.