{"id":64670,"date":"2022-11-10T12:09:18","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T11:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/?p=64670"},"modified":"2022-11-10T12:20:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T11:20:34","slug":"exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/en\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\/","title":{"rendered":"Exclusion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN : ce qu\u2019en dit la recherche en \u00e9conomie comportementale sur les sanctions"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"64670\" class=\"elementor elementor-64670\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c796265 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c796265\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36b69de\" data-id=\"36b69de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c91a5ad\" data-id=\"c91a5ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f5db45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f5db45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/494411\/original\/file-20221109-23-job7mo.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=142%2C6%2C720%2C444&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption>Le d\u00e9put\u00e9 du Rassemblement national (RN), Gr\u00e9goire de Fournas, a \u00e9t\u00e9 exclu 15\u00a0jours pour propos racistes le vendredi 4\u00a0novembre.\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Panorama_de_l%27h\u00e9micyle_de_l%27assembl\u00e9e_nationale.jpg\">Wikimedia commons<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8467cbc\" data-id=\"8467cbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c6c4e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c6c4e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d951c\" data-id=\"c2d951c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f67fc25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f67fc25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/eleonora-montagner-1392218\">Eleonora Montagner<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/burgundy-school-of-business-2355\">Burgundy School of Business <\/a><\/em> et <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/angela-sutan-431265\">Angela Sutan<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/burgundy-school-of-business-2355\">Burgundy School of Business <\/a><\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-afbc3e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"afbc3e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19ed7cb\" data-id=\"19ed7cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff1b74e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff1b74e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans son spectacle de 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netflix.com\/title\/80189653\">Humanity<\/a>, l\u2019humoriste britannique Ricky Gervais \u00e9voque l\u2019indignation que certaines personnes peuvent ressentir lorsqu\u2019elles confondent \u00ab\u00a0la substance de la blague avec la cible r\u00e9elle\u00a0\u00bb. Ce passage comique semble anticiper une explication des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/franceinter\/a-l-assemblee-nationale-seance-suspendue-et-vif-emoi-apres-une-interpellation-raciste-dans-l-hemicycle-8288892\">\u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a> qui ont conduit, le 4\u00a0novembre, \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2022\/11\/04\/le-bureau-de-l-assemble-nationale-demande-d-exclure-le-depute-rn-gregoire-de-fournas-pendant-quinze-seances-apres-ses-propos-a-teneur-raciste_6148541_823448.html\">l\u2019exclusion pour 15\u00a0jours du d\u00e9put\u00e9<\/a> du <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/fr\/topics\/rassemblement-national-rn-62992\">Rassemblement national (RN)<\/a>, Gr\u00e9goire de Fournas, pour propos racistes.<\/p><p>Cette exclusion constitue une <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/fr\/topics\/sanctions-34311\">sanction<\/a> dite \u00ab\u00a0altruiste\u00a0\u00bb, qui vise \u00e0 calmer un \u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel n\u00e9gatif, d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0passager clandestin\u00a0\u00bb refusant les r\u00e8gles de respect dans le bien commun d\u00e9mocratique. Or, il est important d\u2019expliquer qu\u2019elle intervient dans un contexte d\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 qui risque d\u2019avoir un effet contre-productif.<\/p><p>En effet, trois questions sont en prendre en compte\u00a0: d\u2019une part, est-il \u00e9thique d\u2019exclure un passager clandestin sur la base d\u2019un \u00e9change ambigu, puisqu\u2019on ne sait pas exactement si la phrase \u00ab\u00a0qu\u2019il(s) retourne(nt) en Afrique\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb s\u2019adressait au d\u00e9put\u00e9 qui s\u2019exprimait \u00e0 la tribune ou aux migrants\u00a0?<\/p><p>D\u2019autre part, cette exclusion a-t-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e au vrai comportement qui devait \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9\u00a0? Enfin, cette ambigu\u00eft\u00e9, si valid\u00e9e comme m\u00e9thode appropri\u00e9e d\u2019exclusion, ne pourrait-elle dans le futur \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 exclure non pas des passagers clandestins, mais des contributeurs au bien commun (ce que la recherche d\u00e9signe comme une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/science.1153808\">\u00ab\u00a0punition anti-sociale\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, en opposition \u00e0 la sanction altruiste)\u00a0?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5e345d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5e345d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cce989\" data-id=\"4cce989\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4ef00d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4ef00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>De l\u2019adversaire \u00e0 l\u2019ennemi<\/h2><p>L\u2019intervention du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN fait partie d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie rod\u00e9e et connue en politique, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/italie\/article\/2013\/07\/15\/les-nouvelles-insultes-racistes-contre-cecile-kyenge-ne-troublent-pas-l-ete-romain_5994106_1666691.html\">appliqu\u00e9e aussi par d\u2019autres hommes politiques<\/a>, qui consiste en une volont\u00e9 de transformer un adversaire en ennemi.<\/p><p>Un ennemi n\u2019a pas d\u2019identit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise, s\u2019incarne<br \/>et se confond dans une cat\u00e9gorie. C\u2019est pourquoi n\u2019importe qui peut devenir un ennemi car il suffit de le d\u00e9shumaniser pour le combattre, parfois jusqu\u2019au point de l\u2019an\u00e9antir. Un adversaire, quant \u00e0 lui, est quelqu\u2019un de reconnaissable, dont on conna\u00eet l\u2019identit\u00e9 et aussi la personnalit\u00e9. Un adversaire est respectable, le sens de la relation avec l\u2019adversaire n\u2019est pas l\u2019an\u00e9antissement, mais simplement l\u2019emporter dans la comp\u00e9tition.<\/p><p>Si nous d\u00e9coupons la phrase qui est communiqu\u00e9e aux parlementaires pr\u00e9sents et, avec eux, \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 qui peut assister au d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique en diff\u00e9r\u00e9, nous constatons que deux possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation s\u2019offrent simultan\u00e9ment \u00e0 la personne qui entend les propos\u00a0: \u00e0 la fois, que le d\u00e9put\u00e9 de la Nouvelle union populaire \u00e9cologique et sociale (<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/fr\/topics\/nouvelle-union-populaire-ecologique-et-sociale-nupes-120569\">Nupes<\/a>) qui s\u2019exprime \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale retourne en Afrique, puisqu\u2019il est noir, ou que les migrants y retournent.<\/p><p>La phrase est, \u00e0 l\u2019oral, indiscernable dans son propos, et les deux possibilit\u00e9s peuvent simultan\u00e9ment \u00eatre saisies par l\u2019auditeur, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 interpr\u00e9tative \u00e0 propos de l\u2019identit\u00e9 du sujet auquel se r\u00e9f\u00e8re r\u00e9ellement la phrase\u00a0: parle-t-il de lui\u00a0? Ou parle-t-il d\u2019eux\u00a0?<\/p><p>On peut se demander si le but \u00e9tait alors de communiquer sa position politique de mani\u00e8re ouverte (sans possibilit\u00e9 de malentendu), ou plut\u00f4t de\u2019envoyer un signal de sa position politique, tout en agissant non pas concr\u00e8tement, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en ayant \u00e0 l\u2019esprit une finalit\u00e9 concr\u00e8te qui aboutit dans le monde r\u00e9el (le retour en Afrique), mais abstraitement, en cr\u00e9ant in fine une communication qui se court-circuite en elle-m\u00eame.<\/p><p>Comme les Verdurin d\u00e9crits par Marcel Proust dans <em>\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu<\/em>, on envoie un signe quand \u00ab\u00a0on n\u2019agit pas, mais on fait signe\u00a0\u00bb. Il ne s\u2019agit pas donc de rentrer dans une relation spontan\u00e9e et directe qui aboutit dans le monde r\u00e9el, mais de faire semblant\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rien de dr\u00f4le n\u2019est dit chez Mme Verdurin, et Mme Verdurin ne rit pas\u00a0; mais Cottard fait signe qu\u2019il dit quelque chose de dr\u00f4le, Mme Verdurin fait signe qu\u2019elle rit\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p><p>Contrairement aux Verdurin, cependant, qui se contentaient d\u2019affirmer l\u2019exclusivit\u00e9 et la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de leur clan mondain, ce signe envoy\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN initie une construction de connaissance commune de la haine envers un ennemi, en permettant \u00e0 l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de tenir lieu d\u2019explication claire entre adversaires.<\/p><p>Cette ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 prend corps seulement si elle est notifi\u00e9e par l\u2019autre personne, qui est pi\u00e9g\u00e9e en rentrant dans le jeu d\u2019attribution de l\u2019identit\u00e9 (parle-t-elle de lui\u00a0? ou parle-t-il d\u2019eux\u00a0?) et en continuant l\u2019\u00e9change sur la base d\u2019une interpr\u00e9tation ambigu\u00eb, exactement comme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pi\u00e9g\u00e9s les d\u00e9put\u00e9s de la Nupes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17da371 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17da371\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-044f4bd\" data-id=\"044f4bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81b979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d81b979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Initier un d\u00e9bat imm\u00e9diat<\/h2><p>L\u00e0 o\u00f9 devait y avoir d\u00e9bat et dialogue d\u00e9mocratique, et donc explications imm\u00e9diates, il y a eu un monologue, suivi de silence, dont l\u2019importance \u00e9tait de ne pas \u00e9claircir son propos. Le propos a \u00e9t\u00e9 ambigu, mais pas le signe. Le signe \u00e9tait clairement un comportement de passager clandestin\u00a0: face au bien commun qui est celui de la d\u00e9mocratie, le d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN a eu un comportement de passager clandestin qui a nui au bien commun.<\/p><p>Le d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN aurait donc d\u00fb \u00eatre exclu pour rupture de comportement d\u00e9mocratique, bas\u00e9 sur un langage commun, et donc pour un acte de passager clandestin, au-del\u00e0 du contenu raciste de son message. En l\u2019excluant uniquement pour propos \u00ab\u00a0ambigument\u00a0\u00bb racistes, l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement pourrait servir de jurisprudence. En effet, si on montre que la plupart des individus prennent des sanctions altruistes, et punissent ceux qui ne contribuent pas assez au bien commun, il existe aussi des situations de punition anti-sociale dans lesquelles les contributeurs sont sanctionn\u00e9s par des individus qui ne supportent pas de voir les autres faire le bien.<\/p><p>De plus, les individus se cachent derri\u00e8re les probabilit\u00e9s, comme nous l\u2019avions montr\u00e9 dans un <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-00572384\/\">article<\/a> de recherche. Or, d\u00e8s que probabilit\u00e9 il y a, ils vont la saisir pour masquer leur comportement non-contributeur. Et donc des individus eux-m\u00eames passagers clandestins peuvent cr\u00e9er des situations d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment ambigu\u00ebs et punir les contributeurs sur le simple pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9, qui peut servir de justification, et d\u00e9truire \u00e0 jamais le bien commun.<\/p><p>Les propos du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN constituent donc un pi\u00e8ge et malheureusement les d\u00e9put\u00e9s de la Nupes sont tomb\u00e9s dedans. Mais comment \u00e9viter qu\u2019un tel pi\u00e8ge de transformation de l\u2019adversaire en ennemi ne se mette en place\u00a0? Comment faire en sorte que le signe ne soit pas notifi\u00e9\u00a0? Il aurait fallu initier un d\u00e9bat imm\u00e9diat et rendre la balle au d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN pour demander explication et pour le rendre responsable de ses paroles tout de suite (et pas en diff\u00e9r\u00e9, comme ceci a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait). En interrompant l\u2019\u00e9change, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s Nupes ont pris responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la place du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a491f9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a491f9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98461cd\" data-id=\"98461cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a9b4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"036a9b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a2ba81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a2ba81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d7c3f0\" data-id=\"2d7c3f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b011b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b011b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/eleonora-montagner-1392218\">Eleonora Montagner<\/a>, Associate professor of philosophy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/burgundy-school-of-business-2355\">Burgundy School of Business <\/a><\/em> et <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/angela-sutan-431265\">Angela Sutan<\/a>, Professeur en \u00e9conomie comportementale, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/burgundy-school-of-business-2355\">Burgundy School of Business <\/a><\/em><\/p><p>Cet article est republi\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> sous licence Creative Commons. Lire l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions-194272\">article original<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le d\u00e9put\u00e9 du Rassemblement national (RN), Gr\u00e9goire de Fournas, a \u00e9t\u00e9 exclu 15\u00a0jours pour propos racistes le vendredi 4\u00a0novembre. Wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA Eleonora Montagner, Burgundy School of Business et Angela Sutan, Burgundy School of Business Dans son spectacle de 2018, Humanity, l\u2019humoriste britannique Ricky Gervais \u00e9voque l\u2019indignation que certaines personnes peuvent ressentir lorsqu\u2019elles confondent &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/en\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":58480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2062,2049,14],"class_list":["post-64670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-scientifique-et-technique","category-recherche","category-ubfc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exclusion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN : ce qu\u2019en dit la recherche en \u00e9conomie comportementale sur les sanctions - COMUE Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exclusion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN : ce qu\u2019en dit la recherche en \u00e9conomie comportementale sur les sanctions - COMUE Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9put\u00e9 du Rassemblement national (RN), Gr\u00e9goire de Fournas, a \u00e9t\u00e9 exclu 15\u00a0jours pour propos racistes le vendredi 4\u00a0novembre. Wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA Eleonora Montagner, Burgundy School of Business et Angela Sutan, Burgundy School of Business Dans son spectacle de 2018, Humanity, l\u2019humoriste britannique Ricky Gervais \u00e9voque l\u2019indignation que certaines personnes peuvent ressentir lorsqu\u2019elles confondent &hellip; Continued\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COMUE Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UnivBFC\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-10T11:09:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-10T11:20:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/the-conversation-vignette-actu.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"412\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fanny Ajak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@univ_bfc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@univ_bfc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fanny Ajak\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fanny Ajak\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/692829a283f52bc4a247708371ee307a\"},\"headline\":\"Exclusion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN : ce qu\u2019en dit la recherche en \u00e9conomie comportementale sur les sanctions\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-10T11:09:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-10T11:20:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1276,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/the-conversation-vignette-actu.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Culture scientifique et technique\",\"Recherche\",\"UBFC\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ubfc.fr\\\/exclusion-du-depute-rn-ce-quen-dit-la-recherche-en-economie-comportementale-sur-les-sanctions\\\/\",\"name\":\"Exclusion du d\u00e9put\u00e9 RN : ce qu\u2019en dit la recherche en \u00e9conomie comportementale sur les sanctions - 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